PAPER
APPENDICES
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History of Conflict
Content: This section provides an overview on the main events of the War of Independence against the Portuguese colonial administration and the Civil War between FRELIMO and RENAMO.
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History of Landmine Clearance
Content: We review the main three phases of the Mine Action program in Mozambique from 1992 to 2015.
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Landmine Database
Content: This appendix reports detailed information on the construction of the landmine dataset.
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Correlates of Landmines
Content: We analyse what geographic, location, and socio-economic characteristics are correlated with i) placement of land mines and ii) timing of removal of mines.
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Validation Luminosity-Development
Content: In this appendix we show how luminosity can be used as a proxy for development in African and Mozambique.
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Sensitivity Analysis, Local Effects
Content: This section provides additional evidence on the effect of demining activities on local development.
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ERRORS-IN-SURVEYS” APPROACH
Content: This appendix provides additional evidence on the “errors-in-surveys” approach that exploits variation in demining driven by the inaccuracies in the three countrywide surveys to minimize concerns regarding centralized prioritization.
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Details and Sensitivity Analysis, Market Access Effects
Content: In this section i) we provide theoretical insights on market access; ii) we give details on the creation of market access; iii) we list the various robustness checks on the effect of demining activities on aggregate development.